Present where the evidence is.

Recovery and returns alongside protracted displacement and acute water stress, as aid shifts from humanitarian to development programming. Conditions differ sharply between governorates.

Long-term refugee hosting in camps and host communities, now shaped by refugee returns and deep cuts to humanitarian funding.

A prolonged economic crisis, repeated escalations of hostilities since October 2023 and one of the highest refugee-to-population ratios in the world. Programmes need fast, credible feedback from host and refugee communities.

Institutions divided between east and west for most of the period since 2014, a country of transit and destination for migrants, and explosive contamination in cities such as Sirte.

Home to one of the world’s largest refugee populations and a long-standing hub for regional humanitarian operations.

Recovery in the north after the 2020–2022 conflict, insecurity in parts of Amhara and Oromia and recurrent drought in the lowlands, with needs that differ sharply from one woreda to the next.

Recurrent drought and flooding, protracted conflict and large-scale internal displacement, with access that varies from district to district.

Conflict, seasonal flooding and food insecurity overlap, compounded since 2023 by arrivals fleeing the war in Sudan, and many roads close for much of the rainy season.

Since April 2023, war between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has caused the world’s largest displacement crisis, with famine confirmed in parts of Darfur and Kordofan.

Africa’s largest refugee-hosting country, with settlements integrated into district services and a long-term model now under strain from deep funding cuts.

Three concurrent crises: armed violence in the Far North around Lake Chad, the crisis in the North-West and South-West regions, and refugees from the Central African Republic in the east.

Conflict since 2012 that has spread from the north and centre toward the south and west, with displacement, food insecurity and access that shifts with security.

A peaceful coastal state where post-conflict recovery and mine action are concentrated in Casamance, in the south of the country.

Decades of conflict, the Taliban takeover in August 2021 and mass returns from Iran and Pakistan, with high need, widespread explosive remnants of war and tight operating constraints.

Conflict that intensified after the February 2021 military takeover, with widespread displacement and among the world’s highest recorded landmine casualties.

Europe’s largest humanitarian response since the full-scale invasion of February 2022, shaped by front-line access, mass displacement and winter readiness.

A protracted political and economic crisis that has driven one of the world’s largest displacements, alongside deep needs inside the country.